A model establishes a simplified illustration of effects and relations observed in reality. In order to predict future trends, applying models is often a sensible approach to focus on essential information. First, the determining factors and their relations are simulated and then the results are investigated. Apart from the implementation of mathematical/physical principles, the main focus is on providing self-consistent data sets with the required depth of detail.

Based on a model, depending on the degree of accuracy, predictions or scenarios for the future can be made.

Examples of models in energy economics are:

• Scenarios for the future energy demand

• The potential for electromobility in Germany

• Simulation of future load curves